Arraystar LC-MS tRNA Modification Analysis Service analyzes 55 nucleoside modifications and characterizes the global modification profile of tRNAs as tRNA biochemical properties vital to tRNA biogenesis, structure, functioning, and implication in diseases.
Quantitative, full-spectrum tRNA modification profiling from total RNA
Arraystar LC-MS tRNA Modification Analysis Service offers the sample-to-data solution for simultaneous profiling of 55 nucleoside modifications important to tRNA, using total RNA as the starting material. The service includes tRNA isolation from the total RNA, complete hydrolysis, and dephosphorylation to prepare single nucleosides.
The ultra-high-performance LC-MS system delivers a new level of sensitivity, precision, accuracy, dynamic range, and robustness of the quantification results. The full service runs from sample QC, tRNA isolation, nucleoside analyte preparation, LC-MS/MS data acquisition, and analysis to report.
LC-MS based tRNA modification analysis quantifies modified nucleosides in tRNA by mass spectrometry. tRNAs are isolated from total RNA, completely hydrolyzed and dephosphorylated into single nucleosides, and analyzed by ultra-high-performance LC-MS/MS to simultaneously profile 55 nucleoside modifications and characterize the global modification profile of tRNAs.
Standard service options — custom projects available on request
| Service Name | Catalog No | Size | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| LC-MS tRNA Modification Analysis Service - Eukaryotic | AS-LC-t-S | 1 sample | |
| Total RNA Extraction Service | AS-RE-S | 1 sample |
Key advantages of Arraystar LC-MS tRNA Modification Analysis
Quantitative analysis of complex tRNA modifications from total RNA samples.
From sample QC, tRNA isolation, nucleoside analyte preparation, LC-MS/MS data acquisition, analysis to report.
Highly optimized experimental procedures, an ultra-high-performance LC-MS system, and expertise in operation.
Simultaneous profiling of 55 nucleoside modifications in tRNAs.
Raw and normalized peak data, Total Ion Current chromatograms of nucleosides, and differential modification among samples.
Works together with tRNA sequencing and base-resolution modification services across Arraystar's tRNA research portfolio.
Why tRNA modifications matter
tRNAs are the fundamental component of mRNA decoding and protein translation. tRNAs undergo by far the greatest number of and the most chemically diverse post-transcriptional modifications. These modifications are critical for all core aspects of tRNA function, such as folding, stability, and decoding [1].
Typically, modifications in the main body of tRNA are crucial for tRNA structure folding, stability, rigidity, and flexibility, whereas modifications in the anticodon loop affect decoding by open loop structure, codon-anticodon pairing, wobbling, and preventing translational frameshifts. Additionally, modified nucleosides serve as identity determinants for aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (AARS) for extra amino acid recognition accuracy [2]. In general, hypomodified tRNAs are targeted for degradation. Studying tRNA modification is perhaps just as important as tRNA expression profiling.
Defects in tRNA modifications and modification enzymes are linked with human diseases such as cancers, diabetes, neurological syndromes, cardiac conditions, and mitochondrial-linked disorders (Fig. 1) [3]. Analysis of tRNA modification profiles is key to establish the link with the disease, tRNA modification enzymes, and tRNA molecular functioning.
From total RNA to quantitative modification profiles
RNA quality and quantity assessment before the project proceeds.
tRNA isolation from total RNA samples.
Complete hydrolysis and dephosphorylation of tRNA to prepare single nucleosides.
Ultra-high-performance LC-MS/MS acquisition delivering high sensitivity, precision, accuracy, dynamic range, and robustness.
Raw and normalized peak data, Total Ion Current chromatograms of nucleosides, and differential modification of nucleosides among samples.
Detected modifications and data deliverables
Arraystar LC-MS tRNA Modification Analysis Service analyzes 55 nucleoside modifications and characterizes the global modification profile of tRNAs. The detection list below is the standard panel of nucleoside modifications; modified and unmodified forms of the same nucleoside are quantified side by side, so the result is read as a quantitative inventory rather than a presence call for a single mark.
| Number | Nucleoside | Symbol |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 3′-O-methyladenosine | 3′-OMeA |
| 2 | 3′-O-methyluridine | 3′-OMeU |
| 3 | 2′-O-methylcytidine | Cm |
| 4 | 5-methyl-2-thiouridine | m5s2U |
| 5 | 3-methylcytidine | m³C |
| 6 | 5-methoxyuridine | mo5U |
| 7 | 5-methylcytidine | m⁵C |
| 8 | pseudouridine | Ψ |
| 9 | N6-isopentenyladenosine | i6A |
| 10 | 2′-O-methylinosine | Im |
| 11 | 5,2′-O-dimethylcytidine | m⁵Cm |
| 12 | 3-methyluridine | m3U |
| 13 | 1-methyladenosine | m¹A |
| 14 | 1-methylpseudouridine | m1 |
| 15 | 2-thiocytidine | s2C |
| 16 | 5-hydroxymethylcytidine | hm⁵C |
| 17 | N2, N2, 7-trimethylguanosine | m2,2,7G |
| 18 | 5,2′-O-dimethyluridine | m5Um |
| 19 | N4-acetyl-2′-O-methylcytidine | ac⁴Cm |
| 20 | N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine | t6A |
| 21 | N6-methyladenosine | m6A |
| 22 | 2-methylthio-N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine | ms2t6A |
| 23 | 3′-O-methylcytidine | 3′-OmeC |
| 24 | 5-carboxymethyluridine | cm5U |
| 25 | 2′-O-methyladenosine | Am |
| 26 | 5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-thiouridine | mcm5s2U |
| 27 | N2, N2-dimethylguanosine | m22G |
| 28 | 5-Methoxycarbonylmethyluridine | mcm5U |
| 29 | 5′-O-methylthymidine | 5′-OMeT |
| 30 | 2-methylthio-N6-isopentenyladenosine | ms2i6A |
| 31 | 2′-O-methyluridine | Um |
| 32 | Peroxywybutosine | o2w |
| 33 | inosine | I |
| 34 | 5-taurinomethyl-2-thiouridine | tm5s2U |
| 35 | 2′-O-methylguanosine | Gm |
| 36 | 5-oxyacetic acid uridine | cmo5U |
| 37 | 1-methylguanosine | m¹G |
| 38 | 5-carbamoylmethyuridine | ncm5U |
| 39 | 7-methylguanosine | m⁷G |
| 40 | Queuosine | Q |
| 41 | N2-methylguanosin | m2G |
| 42 | 5-taurinomethyluridine | tm5U |
| 43 | 3′-O-methylinosine | 3′-OMeI |
| 44 | 5-formyl-2′-O-methylcytidine | f5Cm |
| 45 | 2-thiouridine | s2U |
| 46 | dihydrouridine | D |
| 47 | 4-thiouridine | s4U |
| 48 | 5-formylcytidine | f5c |
| 49 | 5-methyluridine | m5U |
| 50 | wybutosine | W |
| 51 | N4-acetylcytidine | ac⁴C |
| 52 | 5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2′-o-methyluridine | mcm5Um |
| 53 | N6, O2′-methyladenosine | m6Am |
| 54 | 5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine | mnm5s2U |
| 55 | 5-hydroxyuridine | ho5U |
tRNA modification profiling across biology and disease
Defects in tRNA modifications and modification enzymes are linked with cancers, diabetes, neurological syndromes, cardiac conditions, and mitochondrial-linked disorders (Trends Mol Med, 2014).
tRNA modifications are critical for folding, stability, and decoding; anticodon-loop modifications affect codon-anticodon pairing, wobbling, and prevention of translational frameshifts.
Modified nucleosides serve as identity determinants for aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (AARS) for extra amino acid recognition accuracy.
Hypomodified tRNAs are targeted for degradation, linking modification status to tRNA stability.
Global modification profiling complements base-resolution sequencing for quantitative, position-resolved tRNA modification studies.
Official Arraystar sample submission requirements for LC-MS tRNA modification analysis
Common questions about LC-MS based tRNA modification analysis
Featured Client Publications in tRNA Modification Research
Arraystar LC-MS tRNA Modification Analysis profiles 55 nucleoside modifications from total RNA — get a quote and a project timeline tailored to your study.