nrStar™ Human tRF & tiRNA PCR Array profiles 185 prevalent tRFs or tiRNAs compiled in the databases and newly reported in recent publications. nrStar™ Mouse tRF PCR Array profiles 88 prevalent tRFs selected from the tRFdb database. Applied with the rtStar™ tRF&tiRNA Pretreatment Kit (CAT# AS-FS-005), the PCR Arrays offer a new level of accuracy on tRF&tiRNA detection.
Ready-to-run qPCR panels with precursor discrimination
nrStar™ Human tRF & tiRNA PCR Array profiles 185 prevalent tRFs or tiRNAs compiled in the databases and newly reported in recent publications. nrStar™ Mouse tRF PCR Array profiles 88 prevalent tRFs selected from the tRFdb database.
In order to distinguish tRF&tiRNA from its precursor and achieve high specificity, the rtStar™ First-Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit (3′ and 5′ adaptor) (CAT# AS-FS-003) is required to be used with the nrStar™ tRF&tiRNA PCR Array for tRF&tiRNA detection.
The nrStar™ tRF&tiRNA PCR Array is a 384-well, ready-to-run qPCR panel that profiles 185 prevalent human tRFs/tiRNAs (or 88 mouse tRFs). By introducing 3′ and 5′ adaptors, the assay discriminates tRFs/tiRNAs from their tRNA or pre-tRNA precursors for specific detection.
Standard catalog products — human and mouse versions available
| Product Name | Catalog No. | Size | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| nrStar™ Human tRF&tiRNA PCR Array | AS-NR-002-1 | 384-well (2*192) / plate | |
| nrStar™ Human tRF&tiRNA PCR Array (Roche Light Cycler 480) | AS-NR-002-1-R | 384-well (2*192) / plate | |
| nrStar™ Mouse tRF PCR Array | AS-NR-002M-1 | 384-well (2*192) / plate |
Why researchers choose the nrStar™ tRF&tiRNA PCR Array
The prevalent Human tRFs&tiRNAs/Mouse tRFs having the highest biological potentials are profiled.
All primer pairs are meticulously designed, optimized, and validated.
Easy-to-use, ready-to-run, standard qPCR plate format for direct sample application. No sample pre-amplification is needed.
Adaptor-based assay effectively discriminates tRF&tiRNA from their precursors and other small RNAs.
Applied with the rtStar™ tRF&tiRNA Pretreatment Kit (CAT# AS-FS-005) for a new level of accuracy on tRF&tiRNA detection.
Requires the rtStar™ First-Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit (3′ and 5′ adaptor) (CAT# AS-FS-003) for tRF&tiRNA detection.
Why tRF&tiRNA detection needs adaptor-based discrimination
tRFs & tiRNAs perform many biological functions: they act as microRNAs in RNA interference; regulate target mRNA stability; assemble stress granules in response to cellular stress; modulate apoptosis; and pass on as epigenetic factors in intergenerational inheritance [1] (Fig. 1). The composition and abundance of tRFs&tiRNAs are highly dependent on the cell types and are associated with many disease conditions. The highly enriched presence in biofluids, often much more so than microRNAs, makes them excellent biomolecules for biomarkers [2-5].
tRF&tiRNAs are generated from tRNA or pre-tRNA through precise biogenesis processes. It is difficult to distinguish tRF&tiRNA from its precursor (tRNA or pre-tRNA) by conventional qPCR for their sharing of the same sequence. Moreover, the length of tRFs&tiRNAs is 16~50 nt, too short to perform the qPCR process.
Arraystar exploits a smart system by introducing two artificial sequences to the 3′ and 5′ ends of tRF&tiRNA, a famous and validated technology used in small RNA library preparation for sequencing. Corresponding forward and reverse primers targeting the 5′ and 3′ junction effectively discriminate tRF&tiRNA from its precursors and other small RNA, thus getting a reliable and accurate detection of tRF&tiRNA expression (Fig. 2).
From RNA to tRF&tiRNA expression profile
Total RNA is purified with small-RNA-retaining methods, followed by quality and quantity assessment.
The rtStar™ tRF&tiRNA Pretreatment Kit (CAT# AS-FS-005) removes modifications in tRF & tiRNA before cDNA library construction for qPCR.
The rtStar™ First-Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit (3′ and 5′ adaptor) (CAT# AS-FS-003) ligates adaptors and synthesizes cDNA, enabling precursor discrimination.
cDNA is applied directly to the ready-to-run 384-well plate with SYBR® Green Master Mix on a compatible instrument.
The analysis tool computes tRF&tiRNA expression with the tRF&tiRNA database annotations.
Product specifications, database, and tools
The nrStar™ tRF&tiRNA PCR Array System is designed to conveniently and quickly profile the tRFs & tiRNAs with high specificity, composed of two products: the rtStar™ First-Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit (3′ and 5′ adaptor) for adaptor ligation and cDNA synthesis, and the nrStar™ tRF&tiRNA PCR Array for tRF&tiRNA detection.
tRF&tiRNA research applications
The highly enriched presence of tRFs&tiRNAs in biofluids, often much more so than microRNAs, makes them excellent biomolecules for biomarkers.
tRFs act as microRNAs in RNA interference, participating in small RNA-mediated gene silencing.
tRFs bind protein factors to regulate target mRNA stability.
tRFs modulate apoptosis and assemble stress granules in response to cellular stress.
tRFs pass on as epigenetic factors in intergenerational inheritance.
Recommended RNA input for nrStar™ tRF&tiRNA PCR Array projects
Common questions about the nrStar™ tRF&tiRNA PCR Array
Featured Client Publications in tRF&tiRNA Research
The nrStar™ tRF&tiRNA PCR Array delivers precursor-discriminated tRF/tiRNA expression profiles in hours — request a quote or ask about the target list.