nrStar™ tRNA PCR Arrays profile 185 Human/Mouse tRNAs, covering all the nuclear anticodon isoacceptors catalogued in GtRNAdb, providing insights on both the isoacceptor and the specific isodecoder expression. Applied with the rtStar™ tRNA Pretreatment & First-Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit (Cat# AS-FS-004), the PCR Arrays offer a new level of accuracy on tRNA detection.
Ready-to-run qPCR panels for comprehensive tRNA expression profiling
nrStar™ tRNA PCR Arrays profile 185 Human/Mouse tRNAs, covering all the nuclear anticodon isoacceptors catalogued in GtRNAdb, providing insights on both the isoacceptor and the specific isodecoder expression. The panels focus on high-confidence tRNAs (tRNAScan score > 50, applicable to the Human tRNA PCR Array).
The entire tRNA qPCR using the panels requires the additional rtStar™ tRNA Pretreatment & First-Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit (Cat# AS-FS-004) and Arraystar SYBR® Green Real-time qPCR Master Mix, sold separately. The pretreatment system removes methylations on the tRNA to obtain a new level of accuracy on tRNA detection.
The nrStar™ tRNA PCR Array is a 384-well, ready-to-run qPCR panel that profiles 185 human or mouse tRNAs, covering all nuclear anticodon isoacceptors catalogued in GtRNAdb and the isodecoders distinguishable by real-time PCR, giving a rapid view of tRNA expression.
Standard catalog products — human and mouse versions available
| Product Name | Catalog No. | Size | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| nrStar™ Human tRNA PCR Array V2.0 | AS-NR-001H-1 | 384-well (2*192) / plate | |
| nrStar™ Mouse tRNA PCR Array | AS-NR-001M-1 | 384-well (2*192) / plate |
Why researchers choose the nrStar™ tRNA PCR Array
Profiles all the nuclear anticodon isoacceptors provided by GtRNAdb.
Profiles all tRNA isodecoders distinguishable by real-time PCR.
Focuses on high-confidence tRNAs (tRNAScan score > 50*), applicable to the Human tRNA PCR Array.
Fully experimentally validated primers across numerous tissues and cell lines.
Easy-to-use convenient panel to obtain results in hours.
The most reliable tool for analyzing tRNA anticodon isoacceptors and isodecoders, applied with the rtStar™ tRNA Pretreatment & First-Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit (Cat# AS-FS-004).
tRNA pool and isodecoder biology
The tRNA pool, composed of tRNA isoacceptor families for each amino acid, has become an important source of insider information in the study of codon usage, protein translation efficiency and accuracy, biological processes, and human diseases. Also, a codon may be decoded by a near-cognate tRNA with a single mismatch. The cognate:near-cognate tRNA ratios in the tRNA pool are dynamically regulated to affect translation efficiency, fidelity, and transcript stability.
tRNAs with the same anticodon but having different body sequences are "isodecoders". The highly conserved tRNA isodecoder sequences can exhibit different tissue-specific expression and perform significantly different functions. For example, one of five mouse tRNA-Arg/UCU isodecoders is a central nervous system specific isodecoder, which has new functions of maintaining cell homeostasis and preventing neurodegeneration (Fig. 1).
Because tRNA genes are heavily methylated, the rtStar™ tRNA Pretreatment & First-Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit (Cat# AS-FS-004) removes methylations on the tRNA before cDNA synthesis, providing a new level of accuracy on tRNA detection with the nrStar™ tRNA PCR Array.
From RNA to tRNA expression profile in five steps
Total RNA is purified with small-RNA-retaining methods, followed by quality and quantity assessment.
The rtStar™ tRNA Pretreatment & First-Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit (Cat# AS-FS-004) removes methylations on tRNAs and synthesizes first-strand cDNA efficiently.
cDNA is applied directly to the ready-to-run 384-well nrStar™ tRNA PCR Array plate with Arraystar SYBR® Green Real-time qPCR Master Mix. No sample pre-amplification is needed.
qPCR is run on a compatible 384-well real-time PCR instrument.
The analysis tool computes tRNA expression levels for isoacceptors and isodecoders, with normalization references and quality controls.
Product specifications, analysis tools, and compatible instruments
Each nrStar™ tRNA PCR Array plate is fully validated, with spike-in control, positive PCR control, genomic DNA control, and normalization references to ensure the utmost data quality. The Human V2.0 tRNA list is based on GtRNAdb and mitotRNAdb; the Mouse tRNA list is based on GtRNAdb and mitotRNAdb.
tRNA expression profiling across biology and disease
The tRNA pool, composed of isoacceptor families for each amino acid, informs studies of codon usage, protein translation efficiency and accuracy.
tRNA over-expression in breast cancer and modulated expression of specific tRNAs drive gene expression and cancer progression (Nucleic Acids Res, 2009; Cell, 2016).
Tissue-specific differences in human transfer RNA expression reveal dynamic tRNA repertoires (PLoS Genet, 2006).
Ribosome stalling induced by mutation of a CNS-specific tRNA causes neurodegeneration (Science, 2014).
tRNA expression is a dual program for translation regulation in cellular proliferation and differentiation (Cell, 2014).
Recommended RNA input for nrStar™ tRNA PCR Array projects
Common questions about the nrStar™ tRNA PCR Array
Featured Client Publications in tRNA Expression Research
The nrStar™ tRNA PCR Array delivers comprehensive tRNA expression profiles in hours — request a quote or ask our team about the right panel for your study.