Arraystar NuRNA™ Human tRNA Modification Enzymes PCR Array profiles the gene expression of 85 critical enzymes and protein factors involved in tRNA modifications. The Array is a rapid, convenient, and powerful tool to explore and analyze these tRNA modifiers for their roles in shaping up, fine tuning, and regulating tRNA functions such as in protein translation, metabolism, stress response, and diseases.
The first commercial PCR panel for tRNA modification enzymes
The NuRNA™ Human tRNA Modification Enzymes PCR Array profiles the gene expression of 85 critical enzymes and protein factors involved in tRNA modifications. The panel contains 85 validated or predicted tRNA modification enzymes or protein factors compiled from research publications and authoritative databases including UniProt and Modomics.
Each assay on the panel is rigorously validated across many tissues and cell lines. Spike-in control, Positive PCR Control, Genomic DNA Control, and normalization references are included to ensure the utmost data quality. Arraystar recommends using the rtStar™ First-Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit (AS-FS-001) along with Arraystar SYBR® Green Real-time qPCR Master Mix for optimal performance.
The NuRNA™ Human tRNA Modification Enzymes PCR Array is a 384-well qPCR panel profiling the expression of 85 validated or predicted tRNA modification enzymes and protein factors, compiled from publications and databases including UniProt and Modomics, with rigorous validation across tissues and cell lines.
Standard catalog product
| Product Name | Catalog No. | Size | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| NuRNA™ Human tRNA Modification Enzymes PCR Array | AS-NM-001-1 | 384 (4x96)-well plate | |
| NuRNA™ Human tRNA Modification Enzymes PCR Array (Roche Light Cycler 480) | AS-NM-001-1-R | 384 (4x96)-well plate |
Why researchers choose the NuRNA™ array
Covers all the tRNA modification enzymes in UniProt and Modomics.
All primer pairs and assays are elaborately optimized and rigorously validated.
Easy-to-use plate format for direct sample application for full profiling. No sample pre-amplification is needed.
Profiles 85 validated or predicted tRNA modification enzymes and protein factors in one assay.
Spike-in control, Positive PCR Control, Genomic DNA Control, and normalization references included.
Recommended with the rtStar™ First-Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit (AS-FS-001) and Arraystar SYBR® Green Real-time qPCR Master Mix.
Why tRNA modification enzymes matter
tRNAs are the key component in protein translation to decode genetic codes with the charged amino acids. Recent studies have revealed tRNAs, as well as their derived small noncoding RNA fragments, are dynamically regulated and have non-canonical functions such as adaptive translation, cell proliferation/differentiation, stress response, metabolism, and diseases [1].
tRNAs are heavily decorated posttranscriptionally with numerous chemical modifications. The modifications are essential for shaping up, fine tuning, and regulating all aspects of tRNA functioning, such as folding, stability, and decoding. For example, modifications in the stem-loops are crucial for tRNA structure and stability, in the anticodon loop for translation accuracy, at position 34 for codon-anticodon wobbling, and adjacent to the anticodon loop for fine tuning the codon-anticodon interaction (Fig. 1).
These chemical modifications are dynamically regulated and catalyzed by tRNA modification enzymes [2]. Mutations or dysregulation of tRNA modifiers have been associated with diseases, for example, mutations in cytosine-5 RNA methyltransferase (NSUN2) with microcephaly [3] and t6A methylthiolation enzymes with type 2 diabetes [4]. The emerging importance of tRNA modifications in diseases calls for additional work [5, 6].
From RNA to tRNA modifier expression profile
Total RNA is purified with small-RNA-retaining methods, followed by quality and quantity assessment.
First-strand cDNA is synthesized with the rtStar™ First-Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit (AS-FS-001).
cDNA is applied directly to the ready-to-run 384-well plate with Arraystar SYBR® Green Real-time qPCR Master Mix. No sample pre-amplification is needed.
qPCR is run on a compatible 384-well real-time PCR instrument.
The analysis tool computes the expression of 85 tRNA modification enzymes with normalization references and quality controls.
Product specifications, gene list, and tools
The array profiles 85 human tRNA modification enzymes/proteins with their corresponding modifications, including ADAT1 (m1I37), ALKBH8 (mcm5U34 family), CDKAL1 (ms2A37), METTL1 (m7G46), NSUN2 (m5C49), PUS1 (pseudouridine), TRMT1 (m2G26/m22G26), TRMT6/TRMT61A (m1A58), and many more.
tRNA modification enzyme research applications
Mutations or dysregulation of tRNA modifiers are associated with diseases: NSUN2 mutations with microcephaly and t6A methylthiolation enzymes with type 2 diabetes.
Profile the writers of tRNA modifications to link modification enzymes with tRNA function and disease.
tRNA modifications are dynamically regulated in adaptive translation, cell proliferation/differentiation, stress response, and metabolism.
Understand how modification enzymes shape tRNA folding, stability, and decoding.
Recommended RNA input for NuRNA™ array projects
Common questions about the NuRNA™ array
Key References for tRNA Modification Enzymes Research
The NuRNA™ tRNA Modification Enzymes PCR Array profiles 85 enzymes in one ready-to-run plate — request a quote or ask about the full gene list.