MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that control gene expression by translational inhibition and destabilization of mRNAs [1]. Thousands of miRNAs have been currently identified in human, but only a small fraction of them have validated functional roles. Among them, the miRNAs that are involved in human diseases, especially in cancers, have attracted a great […]
Introduction Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are the largest class of single stranded, small non-coding RNAs of about 26-32 nucleotides in length. piRNAs interact with the Piwi (P-element Induced Wimpy Testis) subfamily of Argonaute proteins. The Piwi subfamily comprises Piwi, Aubergine and AGO3 in flies, MILI, MIWI and MIWI2 in mice, and HILI, HIWI1, HIWI2 and HIWI3
tRNAs are thought of as abundant, ubiquitous, passive mRNA decoders and protein translators. tRNAs carrying the same amino acid are “isoacceptors”, whereas tRNAs with the same anticodon but different body sequences are “isodecoders”. Surprisingly, the latest scientific advances have found tRNA isoacceptors and isodecoders endowed with specific, non-translational, regulatory functions that can profoundly impact the
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tRNAs undergo by far the greatest number of and the most chemically diverse post-transcriptional modifications, which badly affect tRNA cDNA synthesis efficiency. Methylation, one of the most prevalent modifications, is the main obstacle that hinders transcriptional elongation and thus leads to non-effective cDNA conversion and qPCR. By using an excellent RNA demethylase, Arraystar developed rtStar™
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Overview As a fundamental component in translation, transfer RNAs (tRNAs) serve as the physical link between the nucleotide sequence of mRNAs and the amino acid sequence of proteins (Fig.1). tRNAs are ubiquitous nucleic acid entities that are the most abundant of all small non-coding RNA molecules. Despite this universality, genomes exhibit substantial variations in their
Overview Transfer RNA (tRNA) is an adaptor molecule that decodes mRNA and translates protein. Recent studies have demonstrated that tRNAs also serve as a major source of small non-coding RNAs having distinct and varied functions [1]. These tRNA-derived ncRNAs are not random degradation products, but rather generated through precise biogenesis processes (Fig. 1). tRNA-derived ncRNAs
The Challenges and Solutions of Small RNA Profiling The Biases of Using TPM in Small RNA Sequencing Data Analysis Simultaneously Profile Multiple Small RNA Classes Accurately Direct End-labeling to Avoid the Biases From Sequencing Library Prep The comparison of small RNA transcript levels between samples using TPM in small RNA-sequencing (small RNA-seq) is actually meaningless. In small
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The Challenges and Solutions of Small RNA Profiling The Biases of Using TPM in Small RNA Sequencing Data Analysis Simultaneously Profile Multiple Small RNA Classes Accurately Direct End-labeling to Avoid the Biases From Sequencing Library Prep To fluorescently label small RNAs for microarray profiling, the total RNA is treated with T4 polynucleotide kinase (T4 PNK) to remove
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The Challenges and Solutions of Small RNA Profiling The Biases of Using TPM in Small RNA Sequencing Data Analysis Simultaneously Profile Multiple Small RNA Classes Accurately Direct End-labeling to Avoid the Biases From Sequencing Library Prep Mature small RNAs like miRNAs and tsRNAs have non-random, precisely cleaved termini and defined RNA sizes during biogenesis. Arraystar Small RNA
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The Challenges and Solutions of Small RNA Profiling The Biases of Using TPM in Small RNA Sequencing Data Analysis Simultaneously Profile Multiple Small RNA Classes Accurately Direct End-labeling to Avoid the Biases From Sequencing Library Prep Small RNA-seq has been used for profiling microRNAs and other small RNAs. However, the use of small RNA-seq data to quantify
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