Reviews

In addition to m6A as the most studied prominent internal epitranscriptomic modification in mRNA and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), other epitranscriptomic modifications, such as m1A, m5C, ac4C, m7G, and Ψ, have been increasingly discovered to play novel biological or clinical roles. Arraystar now provides Epitranscriptomic microarray and Epitranscriptomic sequencing services to profile these modifications transcriptome-wide.

CircRNAs are an unusual RNA class exerting their biological functions by regulating gene transcription and splicing [1, 2], encoding small peptides [3, 4], and acting as sponges for miRNAs through their miRNA binding sites [5, 6]. Like in mRNAs, m6A is the most abundant internal epitranscriptomic modification in circRNAs [7].  m6A modification in circRNAs is installed by writers, e.g.

m6A is the most prominent modification in mRNA epitranscriptomics. Similarly, m6A modification is also abundant in amount, common in occurrence, and functionally important in the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) epitranscriptome (Fig.1) [1, 2]. Figure 1. (A) The numbers of lncRNA transcripts having m6A, m5C or Y modifications. (B) m6A modification frequency along the lncRNA length and

RNA modifications, such as m6A, m1A, m5C, and pseudouridine, together form the epitranscriptome and collectively encode a new layer of gene expression regulation. m6A, the most abundant internal modification in mRNAs and lncRNAs, impacts all aspects of post-transcriptional mRNA/lncRNA metabolism and functions [1]. In addition, m6A are also involved in many other ncRNA functions, including