Reviews

Selecting the appropriate platform is critical for accurate tRNA abundance/modification/charging profiling. While direct Nanopore sequencing enables native RNA characterization, mim-tRNA-seq leverages high-accuracy Illumina sequencing and optimized tRNA-specific workflows for robust quantitative analysis. The comparison below outlines the major differences between the two technologies across key performance metrics to help researchers choose the most suitable solution. […]

The alanyl-tRNA synthetase AARS1 moonlights as a lactyltransferase to promote YAP signaling in gastric cancer J Clin Invest. 2024 Mar 21;134(10):e174587. [PMID: 38512451] Lactylation has been recently identified as a new type of posttranslational modification occurring widely on lysine residues of both histone and nonhistone proteins. The acetyltransferase p300 is thought to mediate protein lactylation,

Increased cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase drives neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease Transl Neurodegener. 2024 Jan 8;13(1):3. [PMID: 38191451]     Background: Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is not only a response to pathophysiological events, but also plays a causative role in neurodegeneration. Cytoplasmic cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase (CARS) is considered to be a stimulant for immune responses to diseases;

Arg-tRNA synthetase links inflammatory metabolism to RNA splicing and nuclear trafficking via SRRM2 Nat Cell Biol. 2023 Apr;25(4):592-603. [PMID: 37237245] Cells respond to perturbations such as inflammation by sensing changes in metabolite levels. Especially prominent is arginine, which has known connections to the inflammatory response. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, enzymes that catalyse the first step of protein synthesis,

ArticleValine aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase promotes therapy resistance in melanoma Published inNature Cell Biology AbstractThis study identified valine aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (VARS), a key enzyme in the tRNA charging machinery, as a critical regulator of resistance to MAPK-targeted therapy in melanoma. MAPK inhibitor–resistant melanoma cells exhibited increased expression and activity of VARS, accompanied by enrichment of valine-containing proteins

ArticleRestoration of N-glycosylation via leucine-activated leucyl-tRNA synthetase 1 overcomes chemoresistance in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma Published inJournal of Hepatology AbstractThis study identified a critical role for leucyl-tRNA synthetase 1 (LARS1), a key enzyme in the tRNA charging machinery, in regulating chemotherapy sensitivity in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA). The authors found that LARS1 expression is reduced in advanced tumors

ArticleMitochondrial translational defect extends lifespan in C. elegans by activating UPRmt Published inRedox Biology AbstractThis study investigated the role of mitochondrial threonyl-tRNA synthetase (TARS-1) in regulating mitochondrial translation and organismal aging in Caenorhabditis elegans. The authors discovered that a single tars-1 gene generates both cytoplasmic and mitochondrial threonyl-tRNA synthetases through translational reinitiation. Deficiency of mitochondrial

ArticleHigh-fat diet driven post-operative colon cancer recurrence is dependent upon genetic susceptibility to deoxycholic acid Published inCancer Lett AbstractThis study investigated how a high-fat diet contributes to postoperative colorectal cancer recurrence and explored the underlying role of transfer RNA (tRNA) regulation. Using a murine model of postoperative tumor formation, the authors demonstrated that the tumor-promoting