Reviews

ArticleValine aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase promotes therapy resistance in melanoma Published inNature Cell Biology AbstractThis study identified valine aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (VARS), a key enzyme in the tRNA charging machinery, as a critical regulator of resistance to MAPK-targeted therapy in melanoma. MAPK inhibitor–resistant melanoma cells exhibited increased expression and activity of VARS, accompanied by enrichment of valine-containing proteins […]

ArticleRestoration of N-glycosylation via leucine-activated leucyl-tRNA synthetase 1 overcomes chemoresistance in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma Published inJournal of Hepatology AbstractThis study identified a critical role for leucyl-tRNA synthetase 1 (LARS1), a key enzyme in the tRNA charging machinery, in regulating chemotherapy sensitivity in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA). The authors found that LARS1 expression is reduced in advanced tumors

ArticleMitochondrial translational defect extends lifespan in C. elegans by activating UPRmt Published inRedox Biology AbstractThis study investigated the role of mitochondrial threonyl-tRNA synthetase (TARS-1) in regulating mitochondrial translation and organismal aging in Caenorhabditis elegans. The authors discovered that a single tars-1 gene generates both cytoplasmic and mitochondrial threonyl-tRNA synthetases through translational reinitiation. Deficiency of mitochondrial

ArticleHigh-fat diet driven post-operative colon cancer recurrence is dependent upon genetic susceptibility to deoxycholic acid Published inCancer Lett AbstractThis study investigated how a high-fat diet contributes to postoperative colorectal cancer recurrence and explored the underlying role of transfer RNA (tRNA) regulation. Using a murine model of postoperative tumor formation, the authors demonstrated that the tumor-promoting

Article Cross-talks between Metabolic and Translational Controls during Beige Adipocyte Differentiation Published in Nature Communications Abstract This study uncovered previously unrecognized interactions between cellular metabolism and translational regulation during beige adipocyte differentiation. By integrating transcriptomic, translatomic, and proteomic analyses, the authors identified selective translational remodeling that shapes thermogenic adipocyte metabolism. A key finding was that

ArticleAging-induced tRNA(Glu)-derived fragment impairs glutamate biosynthesis by targeting mitochondrial translation-dependent cristae organization Published inCell Metabolism AbstractThis study identified a novel role for a tRNA-derived fragment generated from tRNA(Glu) during aging. The aging-associated tRNA(Glu)-derived fragment (tRF-Glu) accumulated in multiple tissues and disrupted mitochondrial function by impairing mitochondrial translation and cristae organization. Increased tRF-Glu levels reduced glutamate