Reviews

Selecting the appropriate platform is critical for accurate tRNA abundance/modification/charging profiling. While direct Nanopore sequencing enables native RNA characterization, Arraystar tRNA charging seq leverages high-accuracy Illumina sequencing and optimized tRNA-specific workflows for robust quantitative analysis. The comparison below outlines the major differences between the two technologies across key performance metrics to help researchers choose the

The alanyl-tRNA synthetase AARS1 moonlights as a lactyltransferase to promote YAP signaling in gastric cancer J Clin Invest. 2024 Mar 21;134(10):e174587. [PMID: 38512451] Lactylation has been recently identified as a new type of posttranslational modification occurring widely on lysine residues of both histone and nonhistone proteins. The acetyltransferase p300 is thought to mediate protein lactylation,

Increased cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase drives neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease Transl Neurodegener. 2024 Jan 8;13(1):3. [PMID: 38191451] Background: Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is not only a response to pathophysiological events, but also plays a causative role in neurodegeneration. Cytoplasmic cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase (CARS) is considered to be a stimulant for immune responses to diseases; however, it

Arg-tRNA synthetase links inflammatory metabolism to RNA splicing and nuclear trafficking via SRRM2 Nat Cell Biol. 2023 Apr;25(4):592-603. [PMID: 37237245] Cells respond to perturbations such as inflammation by sensing changes in metabolite levels. Especially prominent is arginine, which has known connections to the inflammatory response. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, enzymes that catalyse the first step of protein synthesis,

ArticleValine aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase promotes therapy resistance in melanoma Published inNature Cell Biology AbstractThis study identified valine aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (VARS), a key enzyme in the tRNA charging machinery, as a critical regulator of resistance to MAPK-targeted therapy in melanoma. MAPK inhibitor–resistant melanoma cells exhibited increased expression and activity of VARS, accompanied by enrichment of valine-containing proteins

ArticleRestoration of N-glycosylation via leucine-activated leucyl-tRNA synthetase 1 overcomes chemoresistance in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma Published inJournal of Hepatology AbstractThis study identified a critical role for leucyl-tRNA synthetase 1 (LARS1), a key enzyme in the tRNA charging machinery, in regulating chemotherapy sensitivity in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA). The authors found that LARS1 expression is reduced in advanced tumors