m6A is the most prominent modification in mRNA epitranscriptomics. Similarly, m6A modification is also abundant in amount, common in occurrence, and functionally important in the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) epitranscriptome (Fig.1) [1, 2]. Figure 1. (A) The numbers of lncRNA transcripts having m6A, m5C or Y modifications. (B) m6A modification frequency along the lncRNA length and […]
RNA modifications, such as m6A, m1A, m5C, and pseudouridine, together form the epitranscriptome and collectively encode a new layer of gene expression regulation. m6A, the most abundant internal modification in mRNAs and lncRNAs, impacts all aspects of post-transcriptional mRNA/lncRNA metabolism and functions [1]. In addition, m6A are also involved in many other ncRNA functions, including
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Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are intermediate-length small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs), ranging from 60 to 300 nt. They are a vital component of small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein (snoRNPs) [1]. In vertebrates, the snoRNA genes are frequently embedded within the introns of protein coding genes and post-transcriptionally processed [2]. snoRNAs are involved in rRNA processing and regulation of
miRNA and piRNA are two biotypes of non-coding RNA molecules (ncRNA). The sizes of miRNA are tiny around 17nt to 25nt, and piRNA are tiny around 26nt to 32nt. As two kinds of small RNAs, they are not random degradation products but rather RNA biotypes generated by precise biogenesis processes having unique biological features and
Small Regulatory RNAs Small regulatory RNAs are non-coding RNA molecules that play important roles in activation or inhibition of cellular processes. They are 20-31 nt in length and interact with Argonaute family proteins to form effector ribonucleoprotein complexes. Three major classes of small regulatory RNAs have been identified to date: microRNAs (miRNA), PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNA)
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Cooperative miRNA Target Prediction In an attempt to highlight potentially significant targets of differentially expressed miRNAs, we identify cooperative miRNA targets for multiple enriched miRNAs using Arraystar’s proprietary miRNA target database (Figure 1). Since a lot of genes are predicted to be targets of numerous miRNAs, miRNA targets are weighted based on their total number
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The high throughput sequencing technique provides high sensitivity and specificity to analyze the abundance of microRNA sequence in a sample as well as to discover novel microRNA species. Arraystar offers Integrated microRNA Sequencing Service from sequencing library preparation to comprehensive data anlaysis. Our data analysis process generally consists of the following steps, raw data processing, usable reads filtering (including 3′ adapter trimming
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that control gene expression by translational inhibition and destabilization of mRNAs [1]. Thousands of miRNAs have been currently identified in human, but only a small fraction of them have validated functional roles. Among them, the miRNAs that are involved in human diseases, especially in cancers, have attracted a great
Introduction Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are the largest class of single stranded, small non-coding RNAs of about 26-32 nucleotides in length. piRNAs interact with the Piwi (P-element Induced Wimpy Testis) subfamily of Argonaute proteins. The Piwi subfamily comprises Piwi, Aubergine and AGO3 in flies, MILI, MIWI and MIWI2 in mice, and HILI, HIWI1, HIWI2 and HIWI3
tRNAs are thought of as abundant, ubiquitous, passive mRNA decoders and protein translators. tRNAs carrying the same amino acid are “isoacceptors”, whereas tRNAs with the same anticodon but different body sequences are “isodecoders”. Surprisingly, the latest scientific advances have found tRNA isoacceptors and isodecoders endowed with specific, non-translational, regulatory functions that can profoundly impact the
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