miRNA and piRNA are two biotypes of non-coding RNA molecules (ncRNA). The sizes of miRNA are tiny around 17nt to 25nt, and piRNA are tiny around 26nt to 32nt. As two kinds of small RNAs, they are not random degradation products but rather RNA biotypes generated by precise biogenesis processes having unique biological features and […]
Arraystar miRNA and piRNA Profiling Read More »
Small Regulatory RNAs Small regulatory RNAs are non-coding RNA molecules that play important roles in activation or inhibition of cellular processes. They are 20-31 nt in length and interact with Argonaute family proteins to form effector ribonucleoprotein complexes. Three major classes of small regulatory RNAs have been identified to date: microRNAs (miRNA), PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNA)
What Are the Mechanisms of Small RNA Biogenesis? Read More »
Cooperative miRNA Target Prediction In an attempt to highlight potentially significant targets of differentially expressed miRNAs, we identify cooperative miRNA targets for multiple enriched miRNAs using Arraystar’s proprietary miRNA target database (Figure 1). Since a lot of genes are predicted to be targets of numerous miRNAs, miRNA targets are weighted based on their total number
Cooperative miRNA Target Prediction and GO & Pathway Analysis Read More »
The high throughput sequencing technique provides high sensitivity and specificity to analyze the abundance of microRNA sequence in a sample as well as to discover novel microRNA species. Arraystar offers Integrated microRNA Sequencing Service from sequencing library preparation to comprehensive data anlaysis. Our data analysis process generally consists of the following steps, raw data processing, usable reads filtering (including 3′ adapter trimming
microRNA Sequencing Data Analysis Guideline Read More »
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that control gene expression by translational inhibition and destabilization of mRNAs [1]. Thousands of miRNAs have been currently identified in human, but only a small fraction of them have validated functional roles. Among them, the miRNAs that are involved in human diseases, especially in cancers, have attracted a great
microRNAs and Their Targets in Cancers Read More »
Introduction Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are the largest class of single stranded, small non-coding RNAs of about 26-32 nucleotides in length. piRNAs interact with the Piwi (P-element Induced Wimpy Testis) subfamily of Argonaute proteins. The Piwi subfamily comprises Piwi, Aubergine and AGO3 in flies, MILI, MIWI and MIWI2 in mice, and HILI, HIWI1, HIWI2 and HIWI3
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tRNAs are thought of as abundant, ubiquitous, passive mRNA decoders and protein translators. tRNAs carrying the same amino acid are “isoacceptors”, whereas tRNAs with the same anticodon but different body sequences are “isodecoders”. Surprisingly, the latest scientific advances have found tRNA isoacceptors and isodecoders endowed with specific, non-translational, regulatory functions that can profoundly impact the
The New Life of tRNAs – From Passive Translators to Active Regulators Read More »
tRNAs undergo by far the greatest number of and the most chemically diverse post-transcriptional modifications, which badly affect tRNA cDNA synthesis efficiency. Methylation, one of the most prevalent modifications, is the main obstacle that hinders transcriptional elongation and thus leads to non-effective cDNA conversion and qPCR. By using an excellent RNA demethylase, Arraystar developed rtStar™
How to Achieve High tRNA cDNA Synthesis Efficiency? Read More »
Overview As a fundamental component in translation, transfer RNAs (tRNAs) serve as the physical link between the nucleotide sequence of mRNAs and the amino acid sequence of proteins (Fig.1). tRNAs are ubiquitous nucleic acid entities that are the most abundant of all small non-coding RNA molecules. Despite this universality, genomes exhibit substantial variations in their
tRNA Repertoire and Its Functional Significance Read More »
Overview Transfer RNA (tRNA) is an adaptor molecule that decodes mRNA and translates protein. Recent studies have demonstrated that tRNAs also serve as a major source of small non-coding RNAs having distinct and varied functions [1]. These tRNA-derived ncRNAs are not random degradation products, but rather generated through precise biogenesis processes (Fig. 1). tRNA-derived ncRNAs
tRF & tiRNA : Why and How to Study Them? Read More »