How to Choose the Appropriate Tool for Small RNA Modification Research? Molecular Mechanisms of Small RNA Modifications Small RNA Modifications: Integral to Functions and Diseases The Challenges and Solutions of Studying Modified Small RNAs Small RNAs are modified by chemical groups that regulate the RNA activities or endow them with new functions. By various molecular […]
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How to Choose the Appropriate Tool for Small RNA Modification Research? Molecular Mechanisms of Small RNA Modifications Small RNA Modifications: Integral to Functions and Diseases The Challenges and Solutions of Studying Modified Small RNAs Introduction Small RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs) and tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs), harbor a diversity of RNA modifications. RNA modifications such as
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Most m6A modification occurs in m6A motifs having a core ACA sequence, collectively referred to as m6ACA sites. For reliable collection of m6ACA sites, we have established a pipeline to discover all m6ACA sites that are quantifiable by array probes. Most m6ACA sites are consist of a single-ACA that can be profiled for m6A methylation
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N6-methyladenosine is the most abundant RNA modification in mammalian mRNA and long non-coding RNA, occurring on average in three to five sites per transcript[1,2]. Profiling m6A at single nucleotide resolution has been challenging. m6A on lower abundance mRNAs/lncRNAs, the inert reactivity of the methyl group, and interference from RNA structure near the modification site further contribute
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On average, there are about three m6A modifications per mRNA [1]. Most m6A modified mRNAs contain only a single m6A site, while some mRNAs can have up to 20 or more [2-5]. A “single-m6A site” has no other m6A sites nearby, either up- or down-stream. For multiple m6A sites, adjacent m6A sites tend to aggregate
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In addition to m6A as the most studied prominent internal epitranscriptomic modification in mRNA and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), other epitranscriptomic modifications, such as m1A, m5C, ac4C, m7G, and Ψ, have been increasingly discovered to play novel biological or clinical roles. Arraystar now provides Epitranscriptomic microarray and Epitranscriptomic sequencing services to profile these modifications transcriptome-wide.
CircRNAs are an unusual RNA class exerting their biological functions by regulating gene transcription and splicing [1, 2], encoding small peptides [3, 4], and acting as sponges for miRNAs through their miRNA binding sites [5, 6]. Like in mRNAs, m6A is the most abundant internal epitranscriptomic modification in circRNAs [7]. m6A modification in circRNAs is installed by writers, e.g.
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m6A is the most prominent modification in mRNA epitranscriptomics. Similarly, m6A modification is also abundant in amount, common in occurrence, and functionally important in the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) epitranscriptome (Fig.1) [1, 2]. Figure 1. (A) The numbers of lncRNA transcripts having m6A, m5C or Y modifications. (B) m6A modification frequency along the lncRNA length and
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RNA modifications, such as m6A, m1A, m5C, and pseudouridine, together form the epitranscriptome and collectively encode a new layer of gene expression regulation. m6A, the most abundant internal modification in mRNAs and lncRNAs, impacts all aspects of post-transcriptional mRNA/lncRNA metabolism and functions [1]. In addition, m6A are also involved in many other ncRNA functions, including
Why Is Epitranscriptomic Stoichiometry Vital for RNA Modification Study? Read More »
Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are intermediate-length small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs), ranging from 60 to 300 nt. They are a vital component of small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein (snoRNPs) [1]. In vertebrates, the snoRNA genes are frequently embedded within the introns of protein coding genes and post-transcriptionally processed [2]. snoRNAs are involved in rRNA processing and regulation of
What Are snoRNAs and Why Study Them? Read More »