| RNA G-Quadruplexes(rG4): A New Frontier in RNA Regulation |
| What Are rG4s?
RNA G-quadruplexes (rG4) are non-canonical structures formed by guanine-rich RNA sequences through Hoogsteen hydrogen bonding.
Why Study rG4s?
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• rG4 Biological Functions and Molecular Mechanisms
In mRNAs, rG4s can regulate mRNA translation[2, 3] and mRNA stability[4]. In addition, rG4s can affect pre-mRNA maturation [5].
In lncRNAs, rG4s can regulate chromatin modifier functions[6], RNA transcription[7], decoying functional molecules[8], and pre-miRNA processing[9].
rG4s and RNA modifications often co-regulate gene expression[3,7-9].
• rG4s in Diseases
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Figure 1. rG4s as scaffolds for α-synuclein[1].
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Dynamic rG4 folding/unfolding are involved in stress response[10], cancer gene expression regulation[11, 12], and pathological α-synuclein protein aggregation in Parkinson’s disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple system atrophy (Fig. 1)[1].
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Reference
[1] Matsuo, K., et al. (2024) Cell [PMID:39426376]
[2] Arora, A., et al. (2011) RNA Biol [PMID:21734463]
[3] Song, J., et al. (2016) Translation (Austin) [PMID:28090421]
[4] Rouleau, S., et al. (2017) RNA [PMID:28473452]
[5] Varshney, D., et al. (2020) Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol [PMID:32313204]
[6] Lee, Y. W., et al. (2024) Mol Cell [PMID:38759625]
[7] Yari, H., et al. (2019) Nat Commun [PMID:31767869]
[8] Tassinari, M., et al. (2021) Nucleic Acids Res [PMID:33721024]
[9] Pandolfini, L., et al. (2019) Mol Cell [PMID:31031083]
[10] Ma, Y., et al. (2023) Antioxidants (Basel) [PMID:36829835]
[11] Anastasakis, D. G., et al. (2024) Mol Cell [PMID:39153475]
[12] Kharel, P., et al. (2024) Mol Cell [PMID:39366344]
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Selected Publications
• LncRNA Array
[PMID: 41519884]
Hyeon-Ji Kim,
et al (2026) Signal Transduction and
Targeted Therapy
• tRF&tiRNA Pretreatment Kit
[PMID: 41555020]
Xu M, et al.
(2026) Nature Biotechnology
• tRF&tiRNA Sequencing
[PMID: 41330933]
FJunichiro Ishikawa, et al.
(2026) Nat Communications
• Epitranscriptomic Array
[PMID: 41717060]
Hualong Zhu,et al.
(2026) Eco-Environment & Health
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