Why Study R-loops? An Active Player in Transcription Regulation

R-loops are RNA:DNA three-stranded hybrid structures formed between LncRNA/mRNA and the template DNA strand by base pairing. R-loops have important biological functions in DNA replication, epigenetic and transcription regulation (Fig 1). Recent evidence suggests that R-loops are involved in a number of human diseases, including diverse cancers, neurological disorders, and autoimmune diseases.

Fig 1. R-loops function in epigenetic and transcription regulation.

How to Study R-loops?

Arraystar R-loop Profiling (DRIPc-seq) profiles LncRNA/mRNA organized R-loop distribution in the genome (Table 1). The DRIP-seq, along with LncRNA Array, MeDIP-sequencing, or ChIP-seq, is able to provide valuable functional insights in epigenetic and transcriptional regulation by R-loops.

Table 1. R-loop peak calling and Annotation

• Epitranscriptomic Array
   [PMID: 38355624] Xiong YW, et al.
   (2024) Nature Communications

• Small RNA Modification Array
   [PMID: 38747146] Zhang J, et al.
   (2024) Circulation Research

• Circular RNA Array
   [PMID: 39695693] Hu Y, et al.
   (2024) Molecular Cancer

• tRNA Sequencing
   [PMID: 38519786] Wu X, et al.
   (2024) Nature Cancer

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