R-loops are three-stranded RNA:DNA loops when the nascent mRNA or lncRNA strand anneals with the template DNA and displaces the non-template DNA as unpaired single strand. R- loop misregulation is associated with DNA damage, hyper-recombination, and genomic instability. Mounting evidences now support R-loops regulate gene expression in ways including epigenetic regulation, transcriptional initiation and elongation.

Transcription Regulation by LncRNA Organized
R-loops

• DNA methylation regulation (Figure 1)

• Chromatin remodeling

• R-loop as LncRNA anchor

• As regulator of transcription factor/repressor binding

• LncRNA organized R-loop stabilization in transcription regulation

• Trans-induced LncRNA organized R-loops
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Fig 1.R-loop by antisense lncRNA TARID binds GADD45A, recruits TET1 to the CpG island promoter of TCF21 gene, and demethylates the DNA, activating the TCF21 transcription [1].

Arraystar DRIPc-seq (DNA–RNA immunoprecipitation followed by cDNA conversion coupled to high-throughput sequencing) profiles LncRNA/mRNA organized R-loop distribution in the genome. The DRIPc-seq, along with LncRNA Array, MeDIP-sequencing, or ChIP-seq, can provide valuable functional insights in epigenetic and transcriptional regulation by R-loops.

References
1. Arab K. et al (2019) Nat Genet 51(2):217-223 [PMID:30617255]

• Circular RNA Array
   [PMID: 37004067] Zhong GL, et al.
   (2023) Molecular Cancer

• m6A Single Nucleotide Array
   [PMID: 36631441] Yan W, et al.
   (2023) International Journal of Oral
   Science

• tRNA PCR Array
   [PMID: 37283053] Wang C, et al.
   (2023) Nucleic Acids Research

• LC-MS Based tRNA Modification
   [PMID: 37563288] Li G, et al.
   (2023) Nature Microbiology

DRIPc-Seq
provides valuable functional insights in transcriptional regulation by LncRNA/mRNA organized R-loops.

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